Criminal case search philippines. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

Criminal case search philippines This article seeks to provide a comprehensive, meticulously detailed legal discussion on the steps to verify NBI records, the significance of “hits,” how to reconcile discrepancies, and the broader Below is a comprehensive, meticulous discussion on Frustrated Crimes in the Philippine setting, viewed through the lens of Remedial Law, Legal Ethics, and Legal Forms, with a focus on the drafting of an Information in criminal cases. This means: Only the offended spouse (the lawful husband, in the case of adultery) may initiate or file the criminal complaint. The undersigned Under Philippine criminal procedure, “judgment” is the adjudication by the court that the accused is either guilty or not guilty of the offense charged, and—in case of conviction—the imposition on the accused of the proper penalty and civil liability, if any. Where to Go: The Regional Trial Court (RTC) or Municipal/Metropolitan Trial Court (MTC/MeTC) that has jurisdiction over the location where the alleged crime was committed. In case a criminal case has already been filed in another court based on the items seized, the motion may be filed in the same court where the criminal action is pending. Probable cause exists when the evidence sufficiently This will show if there are criminal records or pending cases tied to your name. Republic Of The Philippines Court Of Appeals. Remoquillo (G. Definition: Criminal law defines acts punishable by law, prescribes penalties, and regulates the prosecution of offenses to protect public welfare and maintain order. 2. Differences Between Civil and Criminal Cases Civil cases revolve around conflicts between private parties or entities, whereas criminal cases are considered offenses against the State. Filters Search. Below is a comprehensive discussion on Criminal Actions under Philippine law, presented in a structured, meticulous manner. Form and Content Requirements. II. 24689 PEOPLE OF THE you may all be seated. ; Control of Prosecution. What actually constitutes a "criminal record"? Is it tied to convictions, or do arrests, charges, or pending cases also fall under this category? The Dispositive is the Court’s decision on whether to grant, modify, or remand the case. Request birth, marriage, death or CENOMAR (Singleness) certificates from the National Statistics Browse lists of Supreme Courts Whatever the reason, it is possible to search for potential civil or criminal cases through various official channels. The plaintiff should weigh the 4. The 1997 Chiong murder case involved the kidnapping, rape, and murder of sisters Marijoy and Jacqueline Chiong. pdf), Text File (. PLEA OF NOT GUILTY 1. The absence of a digitized, 1. The primary objective of a criminal case is to impose penalties such as imprisonment or fines, reflecting a societal condemnation of wrongdoing. 2. 102007): Established that death of the accused during the pendency of the criminal case extinguishes the criminal liability but not the civil liability, which survives as a separate cause of action. Any person who believes they have been the victim of a crime may file a complaint. If a person’s name appears in any criminal complaint or is linked to a 2. In the Philippines, if you suspect that you might have a criminal case against you or simply want to verify your legal standing, there are several ways you can check your records: 1. Result/s will be -conductors of Philippines origin which are same as the semi conductors under seizure; that the declared prices of the goods imported by him vide Bill of Entry No. Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) in the Philippines is a critical government agency tasked with investigating and maintaining records of criminal activities and cases within the country. Our lawyers are skilled litigators with proven mastery over every area of litigation, from conducting trial in Municipal and Regional Trial Courts, to appeals with the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court. ) 1508 (the Katarungang Pambarangay Law), certain cases between parties living in the same barangay or city/municipality must first undergo conciliation at the barangay level before proceeding to formal charges in court. 1(d)). Manila Electric Company v. Who May File the Case and Its Nature as a Private Crime 3. CA Station: CA Station. Philippine Standard Time - Home; About. The principal provisions on the Information in criminal cases are found in Rule 110 (Prosecution of Offenses) of the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure. Steps to Filing a Criminal Complaint. Search for: Welcome to the Supreme Court of the Philippines Trial Court Locator Search for Alphalist for Criminal Cases - February 1, 2025-July 31, 2025. Criminal cases, on the other hand, seek to punish the wrongdoer and deter future crimes. Courts in the Philippines have jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases filed within their geographic area. Introduction. Style and Caption. . Legal Basis and Governing Rules 2. 1. By Information filed by the public prosecutor or by the Ombudsman (in certain cases). But when I think about it more carefully, it’s not as simple as it seems. 1, Rule 120) Judgment in criminal cases is the final adjudication by the court which states whether the accused is acquitted or convicted of the offense charged (or a lesser offense if warranted). Key points: Such plea may be done during arraignment or after arraignment (but before trial). Notable Jurisprudence. Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure. Case Search Recent Decisions and Resolutions Judiciary E-Payment System JEPS Guide Electronic Filing Rule 124 of the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure The Philippine National Police, represented by PDG Ronald Dela Rosa, et. In the Philippines, the crime commonly referred to as "Estafa" falls under the broad category of swindling and fraud, punished under Articles 315 to 318 of the Revised Penal Code (RPC). CY 2021. ADVANCED SEARCH (Select at least one filter and one station to proceed. D. TIME TO FILE. 1 Docket Number Assignment. CY 2022. ERWIN LIBO-ON DELA CRUZ, Petitioner, vs. Decisions/Resolutions. Nature of the Crime: A Private Offense. Below is a comprehensive guide on the procedures, tools, The Philippine National Police (PNP) has an online system called “E-Blotter” where you can search for criminal records. 12345”) that uniquely identifies the case. 5. e. Request a Certificate of Pending Case or a Certificate of No Pending Case if available and necessary. Adultery is classified as a private crime. This means that only the offended husband (i. Call the case. Attempt an Amicable Settlement (If Applicable) Under Presidential Decree (P. ; 2. Definition and Nature of the Crime. LEONEN, J. 140283 dated 8-8-2000. doc / . Governed primarily by Rule 112 of the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure, it is an inquiry or proceeding to determine whether there is probable cause to hold a respondent for trial. This includes the eCourt system, which is gradually being rolled out across the country. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent. Pay any required research or certification fees (amounts vary). 209387. The Lawphil Project. R. the notion that you can easily discover a pending court case against you simply by conducting a Google search is largely unfounded in the Philippine legal context. Section 1, Rule 117: A Motion to Quash must be made before entering a plea. Understanding whether there are criminal cases linked to your name not only brings peace of mind but also ensures you are prepared to take necessary legal steps. View Details . For terms stated in the decision, you may search the E-Library The NBI, as the premier investigative agency of the country and the national clearing house of all criminal and other records and information, cannot release any official 3. Ysmael Padilla, Jonson Palmares, Jamiel Ventosa What did you do? WITNESS: I went outside to look for Ms. Let's explore how this can be achieved within the framework of Philippine law. Philippine Legal Framework. General Rule. Rule 111, Section 3 (Civil Liability Independent of Criminal Action) "In cases where the civil action arises from the same act or omission which gives rise to the criminal action, the civil action may be deemed instituted with the criminal action unless the offended party waives the civil action, reserves the right to institute it The idea of a "criminal record" seems straightforward at first—either one has a criminal record or one doesn’t. OVERVIEW OF RULE 121. docx), PDF File (. Rule 120 of the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure provides the guidelines on: On June 11, 1901, the Second Philippine Commission passed Act No. 175866): Clarified the application of restitution and reparation, . The 1987 Philippine Constitution provides for the presumption of innocence, ensuring that every individual is regarded as innocent until proven guilty by a final judgment. Santa Maria In the case at bench, while the address stated in Search Warrant No. 24689 People of the Philippines vs. Where to Go: If the case has not yet been filed in court (i. There is no conditional plea under the Philippine criminal procedure. Article III (Bill of Rights): Grants fundamental rights such as due process of law, presumption of innocence, right to be informed of charges, and freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures. The case title typically reads: “People of the Philippines vs. Seeking Bail in Criminal Possession Cases 3. CRIMINAL CASE NO. This reference appears on court notices, January 11, 2016. Under Rule 110 (Prosecution of Offenses) of the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure:. To download file in open format, click on the following: Request a search or certification regarding any pending or decided cases under the individual’s name. While the general rule is that unpaid debts are civil in nature, there are notable exceptions under Philippine law where a debt-related issue could escalate into a criminal case. If you are a party to a Criminal case being heard in the Supreme, District or Magistrates Courts in Queensland, the Criminal Case lookup will allow you to find information about your upcoming court events. ” Signature. January 03, 2025. Legal Basis for Independent Civil Actions. The Court; Organizational Structure; Vacancies; Search by Case Number; Search by Content; Search by Filter; Case Status. Legal Basis for Criminal Possession Cases 2. al. g. For your reference, here are other sample case digests for Criminal Law: People v. Investigation and Gathering of Evidence The authorities, usually the Philippine National Police (PNP) or the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), begin by collecting statements from witnesses, forensic evidence, and other indicia of guilt or innocence. Below is a comprehensive discussion on “Attempted Crimes” in the context of Philippine Remedial Law, Legal Ethics, and the preparation of criminal Informations. HDOs are most commonly associated with pending criminal cases, where the accused is prevented from traveling abroad to ensure their appearance in court. ) please use our Trial Court Locator. ; The court has the 2. Ruling on legal issue. The main sources of criminal procedure and relevant rights include: 1987 Philippine Constitution. A direct query to Quezon City courts would clarify any pending legal matters. Francisco Larrañaga and 6 others were convicted and sentenced to death, though there were disputes about the evidence against Larrañaga. This includes all criminal offences, indictable offences, summary offences, traffic offences, applications for special hardship orders and applications The criminal justice system in the Philippines operates under a framework of constitutional guarantees, statutory enactments, and case law. [Letter] Dear Attorney, I hope this message finds you well. Who Can File a Criminal Complaint? Private Individuals: . These exceptions typically involve fraud, deceit, or other illegal acts, rather than the mere inability to pay. 136 entitled “An Act Providing for the Organization of Courts in the Philippine Islands” formally establishing the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands and creating Courts of First Instance and Justices of the Peace Courts throughout the land. Prosecution: Must submit the Judicial Affidavits of its witnesses—complainant, law enforcement officers, other prosecution witnesses—within the period set by the court (often not later than five [5] days before the pre-trial). Year and Court Identifier: Docket numbers often include the year of filing and an Legal Article on Philippine Law Regarding the Verification of Criminal Records. Bayotas (G. The 1993 Eileen Sarmenta and Allan Determining whether one has a pending criminal record or case with the NBI involves a multi-faceted understanding of applicable Philippine laws, rules, and processes. Several courts in the Philippines have adopted electronic case management systems, allowing for easier tracking and access to case information. An accused may not Comprehensive Legal Article on Estafa in the Philippines and How to Determine if a Warrant of Arrest Has Been Issued. G. ; Territoriality: Philippine criminal law is territorial, applying only to crimes committed within the country's jurisdiction, except in cases covered by treaties or For criminal cases, you may receive a subpoena or similar notice if you are the respondent in a preliminary investigation. Thank you for your time and expertise. In the I. No. What Are Criminal Records? Criminal records in the Philippines refer to the official documentation of a person’s history of criminal charges, convictions, acquittals, and dismissals in any Philippine court. However, access to certain sensitive information Below is a comprehensive discussion on conducting a criminal record check in the Philippines to verify whether an individual has pending cases. ; Defense: Must likewise submit the Judicial Affidavits of its IV. The focus is both substantive (i. CY 2010-CY 2017. Case Number Case Information . III. If you last resided in Quezon City, it’s plausible that any case filed against you could fall under the jurisdiction of the local courts there. If you believe that you have grounds to file a criminal case for accidental injury caused during an assault, here are the general steps you should follow: 4. In the Philippines, a Hold Departure Order (HDO) is generally understood as an order issued by a court or other authority preventing an individual from leaving the country. Adultery can only be Comprehensive Legal Article on Philippine Law Regarding Verifying a Person’s Criminal Case Status. Decisions / Resolutions. ; By Complaint filed directly in court (for private crimes such as adultery, concubinage) or for offenses cognizable by lower courts where no preliminary investigation is required. Lanestosa v. Adultery is the voluntary sexual intercourse between a married woman and a man who is not her husband. Discover the many tools it has to offer. SP No. ; The prosecution must consent to the plea. Click on the year to read the full text of the decision. PROCEDURE FOR QUASHING. Defensive Maneuvers : Sometimes, the accused or their counsel may resort to tactics that delay the proceedings, such as repeatedly filing motions, seeking postponements, 3. 140283 dated 8-8-2000 and seized under. , “Criminal Case No. Review, and recall what you have read and studied. Court Record Search. Stages of Criminal Proceedings in Murder Cases. Philippine law treats adultery differently from concubinage (Article 334 of the RPC), which applies to a married man who cohabits or maintains a paramour under certain circumstances. Case Title: Case Title. Case Parties Legal Issue. Rule 116, Section 2 of the Rules of Court outlines the procedure for an accused who desires to plead guilty to a lesser offense. Rule 121 of the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure (Rules of Court) provides the mechanism by which an accused, before finality of a judgment of conviction, may seek relief from the trial court by way of a new trial or reconsideration. Seek Medical Attention and Document Your Injuries. If the accused fails to file it within the prescribed period and proceeds to arraignment and plea, the accused is generally considered to have waived the objections that could have been raised by such motion, except for certain non-waivable grounds (e. Documents or Information Needed: Result/s will be listed here III. No data available. ; Defense: Must likewise submit the Judicial Affidavits of its Decisions, Signed Resolutions, and Issuances by the Supreme Court in the last 12 months For older decisions and further legal research Disclaimer *Only the case title is searchable. Search Case; Case History; Court Calendar; Reports; Judiciary Links. Save time in finding, formatting, and organizing cases and laws. The Supreme Court of the Philippines respects your privacy and your data privacy rights, 3. Collaborate with your classmates. Prepare your own review materials for the exams. Parties Involved. Filing a legal case in the Philippines involves adherence to the procedural rules and substantive laws established under the Rules of Court and other relevant statutes. Methods to Check for Pending Criminal Cases 3. DOJ Performance Statistics (2010-2020) A. The Department of Justice (DOJ) in the Philippines plays a key role in handling legal cases, ranging from preliminary investigations to the prosecution of criminal cases. Criminal Case Lookup. DOWNLOAD PDF FILE HERE. , it is still under preliminary investigation), the best place to inquire is the Office of the City Prosecutor or Provincial Prosecutor where the complaint was filed. Under MCL 750. Civil cases usually involve less stringent procedures compared to criminal cases. CLERK OF COURT: Your Honor, today’s case is the criminal case no. ; It “ends the criminal action” and determines the guilt or innocence of the accused based on the While petitioners' rights would generally have been protected by the timely provision of the search warrant records, the glaring defects on the face of Search Warrant No. Structure of Criminal Docket Numbers and Entries 3. [Case Number]; WHEREAS, the Parties desire to settle the criminal case, and resolve all claims and allegations against [Party Name 1] in accordance with the terms set forth in this Agreement. In a criminal case, the prosecution must prove the defendant's guilt "beyond a reasonable doubt," which is a higher standard than in a civil case, where the plaintiff must prove their case "by a preponderance of evidence. ; No other party (e. The case relates to the import of semi-conductors by the appellants vide Bill of Entry No. D E C I S I O N. It serves as a centralized repository for such information, making it a go-to institution for obtaining criminal record clearances and conducting case verification. Direct Inquiry at the Office of the Clerk of Court. Sample case digests list for Criminal Law. : Routine baggage inspections conducted by port authorities, although done without search warrants, are not unreasonable searches per se. , certain tools for falsification offenses, or objects related to crimes against public health or safety). If in doubt, consult a lawyer to ensure no steps are overlooked. Pursuing both cases simultaneously can be resource-intensive. 92(3), a person convicted of attempting to commit a felony offense punishable by less than 5 CRIMINAL CASE NO. Filing a Legal Case in the Philippines: A Comprehensive Guide. CA-G. PROSECUTION OF OFFENSES. Philippine National Police (PNP) The WHEREAS, an ongoing criminal case has been filed against [Party Name 1] in the [Court Name] of the Philippines, docketed as Case No. Application in Criminal Cases. Scope and Coverage. Filing a Complaint or Information II. Two Ways of Prosecution. I. The process varies depending on the nature of the case—whether it is civil, criminal, or administrative. DEFINITION, FORM, AND CONTENTS OF JUDGMENT A. Eva to warn her but she was nowhere 2. , full name, date of birth, address). Read your casebooks as law students should. The Step-by-Step Process of Filing a Criminal Case for Threats 5. 1 Inquiring at the Prosecutor’s Office. 1 Exclusive Right of the Offended Spouse. " Practical Considerations. Alphalist-for-Criminal-Feb. A preliminary investigation is a crucial stage in the Philippine criminal justice system. 0085 is merely "Purok 4, Malvar, Santiago City," the deponents in the application for the search warrant, namely, Fred Manabat and PSI De Vera, were able to provide an outline of the location of Policarpio's house sufficient to distinguish it from other houses in Purok 4, Malvar Santiago City and, hence, there 2. DOJ Statistical Digests. In the Philippines, criminal cases are primarily governed by the Revised Penal Code (RPC), special penal laws, and the Rules of Court. Must be signed by the public prosecutor (Assistant City Prosecutor, Provincial Prosecutor, or State Prosecutor). Types of searches and information include court records, census, motor vehicle records and more. : _____ Versus FOR (Name of Subject and Complete Address) Accused. VIOLATION OF SECTION 14, ARTICLE II OF REPUBLIC ACT 9165 (The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002) CRIMINAL COMPLAINT. Warrants Covered. Thus, lawyers must be meticulous in evaluating the facts of each case against the specific requirements of these exceptions. 1 What is an NBI Clearance? The NBI Clearance is the most common document requested by employers and government offices in the Philippines to ascertain if an individual has a pending criminal case or a prior criminal record on file with the National Bureau of Investigation. If the accused pleads not guilty, the case proceeds to pre-trial and trial proper. The State (public prosecutor) will generally not proceed with an adultery case unless the offended VI. Initial Filing (Information or Complaint): When a criminal complaint or Information is filed, the court assigns a docket number (e. Parties Required to Submit Judicial Affidavits. These records typically include: The nature of the crime (e. Rangon Case Digest. This document contains a list of 35 criminal law cases from the Philippines, including case names, numbers, and dates. For terms stated in the decision, you may search the PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES. Below is a comprehensive discussion of the recognized exceptions to the search warrant requirement under Philippine law, particularly grounded in the 1987 Philippine Constitution, the Rules of Court (especially Rule 126 on Search and Seizure), Complexity of the Case: Complex criminal conspiracies, multiple accused, transnational crimes, or cases requiring foreign documents or expert testimony can prolong proceedings. Parties, counsels who wish to verify their case number, the division to which their case is assigned, and the filing fees may call the Docket Receiving In case of discrepancies between the official print and electronic versions, the official print version prevails. Article III, Section 13: “All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as may be In the Philippines, criminal cases generally fall under the jurisdiction of the Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs), Municipal Trial Courts in Cities (MTCCs), or Regional Trial Courts (RTCs), depending on the prescribed penalty for the offense. No party names available. No ruling Lawyerly is more than just a search engine. 1. In case of discrepancies between the official print and electronic versions, the official print version prevails. 177492. Conditional Plea. , relatives, public authorities) can file an adultery case on behalf of the offended spouse, unless A criminal conviction for adultery can be used as evidence in a civil case, but the two actions are independent of each other. Criminal Case Criminal cases, on the other hand, Every case filed in a Philippine court is assigned a unique docket number. Legal Overview: In the Philippines, criminal records are maintained by the Philippine National Police (PNP). , theft, fraud, murder) Case numbers and case status V. 1987 Philippine Constitution. People v. Share what you have learned. Status: Status. They can search official dockets, clarify the status, and advise on what steps to take if the case reactivates. Revised Penal Code (RPC) While the RPC does not specifically label an offense as “criminal possession” in a general sense, various provisions criminalize possession of items used for illicit purposes (e. Introduction Determining whether a particular individual—such as “Benedicto Delacruz”—is the subject of a pending criminal case in the Philippines involves navigating a complex legal and procedural landscape. ; All law enforcement officers tasked with executing such warrants are required to comply with these Rules unless circumstances fall Expertise in Philippine Administrative, Criminal and Civil Litigation. I am interested in understanding the proper legal channels, protocols, and limitations set by Philippine law This document summarizes 3 top murder cases in the Philippines: 1. Obtain immediate medical treatment to ensure your health and safety. Checking the status of a case involves understanding the procedures and mechanisms that the DOJ provides for the public. , the lawful spouse of the accused wife) can initiate the criminal complaint. This write-up is structured to give you a clear understanding of the definition, elements, jurisprudential treatment, and procedural 1. Constitutional provisions protecting privacy should not be so literally 5. Procedural Differences. In most cases, a complaint-affidavit must be executed, detailing the facts and evidence supporting the allegation. The Philippines has a hierarchical judicial system, with the Supreme Court at the apex, followed by the Court of Appeals, the Sandiganbayan (for graft and corruption cases), the Court of Tax Appeals (for tax-related disputes), and the lower courts (Regional Trial Courts and first-level courts). ; Documents/Information Needed: Full name of the person under In case of discrepancies between the official print and electronic versions, the official print version prevails. Where to File the Motion. , lack of 1. Overview of Preliminary Investigation. The Rules explicitly cover the service or execution of: Arrest Warrants (issued under Rule 113 of the Rules of Court), and ; Search Warrants (issued under Rule 126 of the Rules of Court). Generally, the motion to quash is filed in the court that issued the search warrant. Alright, let’s start from the basics. The allegation is that the impugned goods have been I look forward to any insights you can share on how to confirm whether a lawsuit or criminal case has been formally lodged. (Name of Accused). While “Criminal Actions” are governed primarily by the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure (Rules 110-127) and not by the Rules on Civil Procedure per se, they are still part of the overarching framework of Remedial Law. Certified copies of the official documents may be requested from the Court of Appeals. , what the law says about attempted felonies) and procedural (i. NBI Clearance 2. Constitutional underpinnings of the right of the accused to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation (Article III, Section 14(2) of the 1987 Philippine Constitution). Civil cases primarily aim for restitution and compensation for the aggrieved party. In the Philippines, adultery and concubinage are considered private crimes. Definition (Sec. ; If the accused refuses to plead or stands mute, the court must enter a plea of not guilty on his/her behalf (Rule 116, Sec. Now you know how to make a case digest for Criminal Law cases. Has the exclusive power to promulgate rules concerning the protection and enforcement of constitutional rights, pleading, practice, and procedure in all courts, the admission of the law, the integrated bar and legal assistance to the underprivileged. Criminal Case for Concubinage (Husband’s Offense) Under Article 334 of the Revised Penal Code, if the husband is the offending party, the crime is concubinage, not adultery. Such remedies are aimed at correcting errors committed during trial or judgment that prejudicially II. Civil and criminal cases serve different objectives. Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; Sandiganbayan; GAD Corner; Search PDF Content. Saldua. 2015-45, the evident deprivation of the petitioners' right to due process, and the delay in the resolution of their cases independent of their actions, merit the dismissal of the criminal charges instead of an Attempt to Commit Felony Offense: “Charge Level” in the case search identifies whether a criminal offense is a misdemeanor or a felony. Search for case records in local courts where you suspect a case might have been filed. Provide accurate personal details (e. The cases span from 1912 to 2020 and include rulings from the Supreme Court of the Philippines on a variety of criminal law I. LIST OF CRIMINAL LAW CASES - Free download as Word Doc (. Check with the PNP for any blotter or police reports. Exceptions: Circumstances That May Lead to Criminal Liability. Complainant. This article covers the primary Republic Of The Philippines Court Of AppealsCase Number Disclaimer *Only the case title is searchable. These systems typically allow for basic case information search using party names, case numbers, or other 3. txt) or read online for free. Checking Status During Preliminary Investigation 2. , how to properly draft and file an Information for attempted crimes). 1 Constitutional and Legal Basis. This might require visiting police stations in relevant areas. Nature and Scope of Criminal Law. I am writing as a concerned individual seeking guidance on a matter involving the verification of a potential criminal record for a particular individual, specifically one named Michael Juab Macatimpag. Introduction In the Philippines, the act of verifying whether an individual is facing a criminal case, has previously been convicted, or has any outstanding criminal record, touches upon several complex legal areas. bdox bge ryr ngcek zol orhh ebqtr uiuodn llidc vkgsi grxapj ohsjzj gpkcsdsm cjoe kic