Fargo public schools district office. The district owns and operates twenty-four schools.
Fargo public schools district office. 207 Main Avenue West, West Fargo ND 58078 (701) 356-2000.
Fargo public schools district office Please call our office before stopping by, as we may be out at schools or in Dakota High School at Agassiz Complex (1) Davies High School (4) Discovery Middle School (3) District Office (2) District Wide - Location To Be Determined (7) DO Special Education Department (1) Eagles Elementary School (1) ECSE Program at Agassiz (1) Explorer Academy (1) FPS Operations Center (1) Horace Mann-Roosevelt Elementary School (2) Feb 2, 2024 · ND Protection & Advocacy Project Responds to Office of Civil Rights Report on Fargo Public Schools District’s Use of Restraint (Bismarck, ND) The North Dakota Protection & Advocacy Project (P&A) is committed to advocating for the educational rights of students with disabilities particularly in the areas of least restrictive environment, positive behavioral supports, and elimination of Feb 3, 2025 · Once all of the above steps are completed, your child is registered for the 2025-26 school year. Following the defeat of the $147 million referendum vote in 2023, district administration engaged members of the community in ‘Facilities Planning 2. When the school reviews and approves your form, an email will be sent explaining As evidence of Fargo Public Schools’ commitment to our patrons, the FPS Annual Report is available, and it showcases the qualities and services of our school district. Fargo Public Schools has launched a dedicated resource page to guide the Fargo Public Schools community through the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence in education. It plays a crucial role in ensuring that their children receive quality education and have access to the res Finding the right school district for your home can be crucial when it comes to education planning for your children. They receive an $9,380 annual compensation and the president receives an additional $670. These methods can also be used to open a Wells Fargo savings a Fort Bend Independent School District (FBISD) is one of the largest and most diverse school districts in Texas. Exceptions requested by parents, such as a request for admittance to Community High School and the Early Childhood Center, may be granted after consultation between the parents/ guardians of the learner and the appropriate administrative staff. , on Wednesday, Oct. The Educational Justice department is accountable to FPS’s Strategic Initiative 2, which states that Fargo Public Schools will implement equitable district-wide processes to create a sense of belonging for all students and staff in physically and psychologically supportive environments. us (701) 446-1053. The School Board is comprised of seven residents of the West Fargo School District elected at large to four-year terms. The Wells Fargo mobile app provides a convenient way for customers to manage their acc. the president of the West Fargo Public Schools board wait for the results of a bond vote at on Monday, Feb. Even so, some banking aspects, such as securing a loan, can be delayed a day. Whether you’re new to an area The National Center for Education Statistics offers a free school district finder that searches public schools by address. While we are all located in one close geographic area, weather can impact each district differently. 700 7th Street South - Fargo, ND 58103. The policies are divided into five categories – Business (3000s), Instruction (4000s), Personnel (5000s), Student (6000s), and Community (7000s). S. This article p School districts consider shorter school days for several reasons, including saving money and providing students the ability to participate in more extracurricular activities. 207 Main Avenue Nov 16, 2024 · The FEA also asked the district court to order Fargo Public Schools to rescind those contracts with school psychologists and Full Circle and offer new contracts that comply with the 2023-25 West Fargo Public Schools received the highest ranking of four on each domain! Only one of the 31 standards ranked a three or improving. West Fargo Public Schools is committed to diversity, equity, and inclusivity in all hiring and employment practices. January 08, 2025 at 9:47 PM. Karen Moore, moorek@fargo. It is the intent of West Fargo Public Schools to admit children into kindergarten who do not meet the August 1 age requirement, but do meet the December 1 age requirement and who successfully pass West Fargo Public Schools early entrance evaluation criteria (NDCC 15. The Virtual Academy desires that every student be able to take their AP exams. The numb When it comes to finding the perfect vehicle, Corwin Auto Fargo is the place to go. Musical Instruments & Equipment . Office Hours: 8:00AM - 4:30PM Growth: West Fargo Public Schools is projected to see 14,255 learners for the 2028-29 school year, which is an increase of 1,049 from this year's starting enrollment. Centennial Elementary School (1) Dakota High School at Agassiz Complex (1) Davies High School (2) Discovery Middle School (3) District Office (1) District Wide - Location To Be Determined (6) DO Special Education Department (1) Eagles Elementary School (1) Explorer Academy (1) FPS Operations Center (1) Horace Mann-Roosevelt Elementary School (2) Fargo Public Schools (FPS) has an online registration process. Ben Franklin Middle School (2) Bennett Elementary School (4) Carl Ben Eielson Middle School (1) Centennial Elementary School (1) Dakota High School at Agassiz Complex (1) Davies High School (2) Discovery Middle School (3) District Office (1) District Wide - Location To Be Determined (6) DO Special Education Department (1) Eagles Elementary Departments - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. Activity Forms - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. We proudly call WFPS the 'district of choice,' and for good reason—our expansion is no accident. Located in Fargo, North Dakota, Corwin Auto Fargo has been providing quality vehicles and excell The primary job of a school sports coordinator, also referred to as the athletic director, is to coordinate athletics and physical education programs throughout the school district Applying to schools can be an exciting yet nerve-wracking process for both students and parents. Overview - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. 207 Main Avenue West, West Fargo ND 58078 (701) 356-2000. 4, 2023, in Fargo. West Fargo Public Schools. Complaints may also be filed with any of the District's Deputy Title IX Investigators: Jim Keal, District-wide Lenny Ohlhauser, Davies High School Dan Shultis, North High School Mike Beaton, South High School Brandon Larson, Discovery Middle School Matt Quintus, Ben Franklin Middle School Mariah McKenney, Carl Ben Eielson Middle School The Nutrition Services Department has 125 employees that work at our 21 school kitchens or the Central Kitchen and District Office. Early Childhood Special Education (ECSE) is a Fargo Public School Program that serves children, ages three to kindergarten entrance, who meet criteria established by the North Dakota Department of Public Instruction as needing specially designed instruction because of developmental delays in the general areas of cognitive/pre-academic, large and Aug 28, 2023 · Open Enrollment allows for families living outside of the Fargo Public Schools attendance boundaries to apply for acceptance at a Fargo school. View All Events - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. The Operations Center houses the District’s Nutrition Services and Central Kitchen, Print Shop, Grounds and Maintenance Department (including vehicles and equipment), Trades Department (electricians, carpenters, etc. Centennial Elementary School (1) Dakota High School at Agassiz Complex (1) Davies High School (2) Discovery Middle School (3) District Office (1) District Wide - Location To Be Determined (6) DO Special Education Department (1) Eagles Elementary School (1) Explorer Academy (1) FPS Operations Center (1) Horace Mann-Roosevelt Elementary School (2) District Forms - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. Human Capital Staff - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. 2024-25 Performance Season - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. Start by identifying key p Teachers and administrators may request their school’s district code by contacting RenWeb support at the phone number available on the RenWeb website, but parents and students must The London financial district is called the City of London or just the City. 1-06. Leidal Education Center. Description: Fargo Public Schoo ls is accepting sealed line-item bids for musical instruments and equipment to be used at all of the schools throughout the District. School board members serve four-year terms. This resource page serves as a guide for students, educators, and families regarding the use of AI in education and how FPS is approaching the use of AI to assist Directory - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. With so many dealerships and options to choose from, it can be difficult to know where to start. Bennett Elementary School (4) Carl Ben Eielson Middle School (3) Centennial Elementary School (1) Clara Barton-Hawthorne Elementary School (1) Dakota High School at Agassiz Complex (1) Davies High School (3) Discovery Middle School (3) District Office (2) District Wide - Location To Be Determined (6) Eagles Elementary School (3) ECSE Program at The Fargo Public Schools Operations Center is located at: 3901 40 th Avenue South Fargo, ND 58104. Search. Fargo Public Schools has launched a dedicated resource page to guide the Fargo Public Schools community through the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence in education. The organizational structure for the district is available in the viewer below. The district owns and operates twenty-four schools. Each learner attends school in the attendance area within the school district as determined by their address. One of the key factors that set Glendora Unified School District apart i As a parent, understanding your school district’s policies on weather-related closures can be crucial for planning and ensuring your child’s safety. Prior to the start of the school year, you can also use your PowerSchool Parent account to pay school fees online. Bennett Elementary School (4) Carl Ben Eielson Middle School (3) Centennial Elementary School (1) Clara Barton-Hawthorne Elementary School (1) Dakota High School at Agassiz Complex (1) Davies High School (3) Discovery Middle School (3) District Office (2) District Wide - Location To Be Determined (6) Eagles Elementary School (3) ECSE Program at Ben Franklin Middle School (2) Bennett Elementary School (3) Carl Ben Eielson Middle School (2) Centennial Elementary School (1) Clara Barton-Hawthorne Elementary School (1) Davies High School (3) Discovery Middle School (3) District Office (1) District Wide - Location To Be Determined (6) DO Business Services Department (1) Dr. Welcome to the official Facebook home of Fargo Public School District #1 Fargo Public Schools has launched a dedicated resource page to guide the Fargo Public Schools community through the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence in education. 1027 Email Leidal Education Center. 11,363 likes · 975 talking about this. We transport 900,000 to 1 million learners to school, field trips, and sports events each school year. The vast majority of that growth is expected at the secondary level, which equates to a 14% increase in our enrollment in grades 6-12. As of School districts start at various times, but a primary reason many start classes early is to optimize costs. Contact. The 2025-26 school calendar is available on our district calendars page. The Fargo Public Schools Technology Plan calls for continuous improvement in the technologies that will best engage and support personalized learning experiences at all ages. New Student? Start by completing the Pre-Registration form. Jan 8, 2025 · The Fargo Public Schools district office, 700 Seventh St. Contact Human Capital. It serves more than 11,000 students and employees nearly 2,000 employees. Students requiring financial assistance should contact Mrs. WELCOME. Some school districts in the state begin in mid-August while others do not start until afte A Wells Fargo checking account can be opened by telephone, through their website or by visiting a Wells Fargo branch. 01). The Langley School District offers a wide range of educational options, each with Living in the right school district is a top priority for many parents. Having spent the last three decades with West Fargo Public Schools (WFPS), I’ve witnessed firsthand the district’s remarkable growth. org, and enter the address into the interactive School District and Boundaries Individuals can use the ForRent. 701-446-1016 Contact Us. The public entrance to the District Office is located on the north side of the building, facing Island Park. Fargo Public Schools Student Records, District Office 700 7th Street South Fargo, ND 58103 Phone: (701) 446-1025 Secure Fax: (701) 446-1200 Determination of Projects. One area where th ClassLink is a powerful tool that has revolutionized the way school districts manage their technology resources. If you have any questions, call 701-446-1030. k12. Office 365 for Students - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. School districts are governmental units that administer public Langley School District is known for its commitment to providing high-quality education and a wide range of programs and initiatives that cater to the diverse needs and interests o Finding the right school district for your home can be an essential part of ensuring quality education for your family. Bennett Elementary School (3) Carl Ben Eielson Middle School (1) Centennial Elementary School (1) Dakota High School at Agassiz Complex (1) Davies High School (3) Discovery Middle School (3) District Office (1) District Wide - Location To Be Determined (6) DO Business Services Department (1) DO Special Education Department (1) Eagles Elementary Fargo Public Schools. com, Zillow or Hotpads websites to look for apartments in a specific school district and to see the boundaries for the district. Known for its commitment to academic excellence and community In today’s digital age, technology plays a crucial role in education. Your child’s school placement may change due to space availability. This resource page serves as a guide for students, educators, and families regarding the use of AI in education and how FPS is approaching the use of AI to assist 6 days ago · West Fargo Schools Superintendent Beth Slette, right, and Patti Stedman,. Like many f The 1996 film Fargo, directed by Joel and Ethan Coen, is not just a crime thriller; it’s a masterpiece that has left an indelible mark on modern cinema. m. This resource page serves as a guide for students, educators, and families regarding the use of AI in education and how FPS is approaching the use of AI to assist Overview - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. Dr. Office Hours: 8:00AM - 4:30PM Fargo Public Schools’ Explorer Academy Program, Virtual Academy, Trollwood Performing Arts School, Early Childhood Special Education Program, Adult Education Program, Dakota High School and comprehensive elementary, middle and high schools demonstrate the District’s commitment to a rich academic experience for all students. Employment Agreements - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. Rupak Gandhi is resigning after seven years as the District's leader at the end of the 2024-25 school year. For more information about the Fargo Public Schools, please visit our About Us section of our website. Fargo Public Schools, the fourth largest employer in the city of Fargo, employs nearly 2,000 permanent employees. In addition to ranking each standard, the external team uses the data collected to create an Index of Education Quality® (IEQ) score. 1032 Email Amy Patterson Executive Assistant 701. It also is referred to as “the Square Mile” because it occupies a little more than 1 square mile. It also operates a separate site that searches private sc The schedule for public schools lies with each particular school district of which it is a part; as such, the total number of weeks in a school year can vary considerably. Certified educators that are retired from other school districts and sub in a classroom will be paid $200 per day. Our goal is to match what teachers and students need to learn with resources to best motivate and facilitate that learning. Staff Directory - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. Often, parents will determine the public school ratings before deciding The State College Area School District (SCASD) is a prominent educational institution located in Central Pennsylvania. This brings the FPS employment total to more than During every school year, West Fargo Public Schools operates routes using district buses and contracts with Valley Bus for routes as well. Skip To Main Content. 2 days ago · The interviews will be held from 8:15-10:15 a. For assistance, please contact AP testing coordinators: Karen Moore moorek@fargo. One of the key te In today’s digital age, the use of data has become crucial for educational institutions to make informed decisions and improve their overall performance. A single grade configuration is preferred with grades K-5 at elementary schools, grades 6-8 at middle schools and grades 9-12 at the high schools. nd. The District prohibits discrimination and harassment based on an individual’s race, color, religion, sex, gender identity, national origin, ancestry, disability, age, or other status protected by law. 00. Some Fargo schools are closed to Open Enrollment. Jackie Gapp, CPA, SFO Chief Financial Officer 701. 0,’ a taskforce open to any community member that reviewed the failed package, solicited and analyzed feedback from stakeholders, discussed alternatives to address the district’s rapid growth in both the short- and Leidal Education Center. Many banks, along with post offices and federal offices, clo When it comes to finding the school district associated with your address, there are several methods you can use. Advanced Placement (AP) testing is now coordinated through the District Office rather than each individual high school. Approximately 3,000 breakfasts and 9,500 lunches are served daily on school days. With thousands of students relying on buses for transportation every day, it’s essential to have a r Iron County School District is known for its commitment to providing quality education and fostering a culture of innovation. When parents are actively engaged in their child’s educa The Thames Valley District School Board (TVDSB) is one of the largest public school boards in Ontario, Canada. In addition, FPS employs temporary or seasonal employees, including substitute teachers, paraeducators, and staff for summer school, summer programs, summer maintenance, and tutors. 446. Apply - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. Summer School WELCOME. us, in the District Office to learn more. Don't hesitate to contact Valley Bus with questions. One of the cornerstones of Iron County School District The Glendora Unified School District (GUSD) serves a vibrant community in California, providing quality education to students from kindergarten through high school. In particular, districts often start schools early so that buses can ru Understanding what district your address belongs to can be crucial for various reasons, from determining school zones to knowing your voting precinct. Office Hours: 8:00AM - 4:30PM Fargo Public Schools . The acquisition of quality musical Fargo Public Schools has launched a dedicated resource page to guide the Fargo Public Schools community through the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence in education. Office Hours: 8:00AM - 4:30PM Leidal Education Center. 2023-2024 School Audit; Office of Educational Quality & Accountability Reports. View FPS' Summer School 2025 offerings and prepare for registration to open. Fargo Public School District About the District (2024-2025) Address and Contact Information 700 7th Street South Fargo, ND 58103 High Schools - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. Close Menu. Middle school (grades 6-8) 850-1000, and in high school (grades 9-12) 1,100-1,350. us Administrative Policy (AP) governs the rules and procedures of Fargo Public Schools. Turn in the application to the West Fargo Public Schools District office at: Leidal Education Center, 207 Main Avenue West, West Fargo ND 58078 The District has an annual budget of $210 million, which includes state and federal funds. General Bid Conditions, Specification & Instructions . For the 2024-25 school year, Fargo Public Schools’ daily teacher substitute pay structures will be the following: Certified educators that are retired from FPS and sub in a classroom will be paid $300 per day. Each district has its own set o Community involvement is a cornerstone of educational success, and the Glendora Unified School District (GUSD) exemplifies this principle. 4. The Board of Education of the City of Fargo is searching for its next Superintendent of Schools. Shor There is no uniform standard for when California public schools begin the academic year. in the Board Room at the District Office, located at 700 7th Street South in Fargo. , Fargo, ND 58103 Questions regarding route changes should be directed to Chris Pinkney at the district office. 2016 School Profile - Fargo High School (9-12) 2016 School Profile - Fargo Elementary (EC-8) School Report Cards; Fargo-Gage District Expenditure Data; 2016 Fargo Performance Report; 2014 - 2015 Fargo School Audit; 2017-2018 School Report Cards; Student Transfers Fargo Public Schools consults with West Fargo Public Schools and Moorhead Area Public Schools during weather related events. The publication provides a wide array of information to familiarize families and the community with Fargo Public Schools. Home School Handbook - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. 3. Mar 17, 2021 · FARGO — Renovation plans for Fargo Public Schools new district office came in more than $277,000 over budget after school board members claimed critical information was not disclosed to them Meetings usually begin at 5:30 p. With a rich history and a commitment to providing quality education, The Glendora Unified School District (GUSD) stands out as a beacon of educational excellence in California. Schools and districts are increasingly relying on various software applications and platforms to enhance teach The Langley School District, located in the beautiful Fraser Valley of British Columbia, Canada, has a rich history and continuous evolution that has shaped it into the exceptional Choosing the right school district is a crucial step for families moving to a new area or considering a change in their current residence. Fargo Public Schools / Attn: Human Capital / 700 7th Street S, Fargo, ND 58103/ or to humancapital@fargo. In October 2022, he was named the 2022-23 North Dakota Superintendent of the Year by the North Dakota Council of Educational Leaders. Phone: 701-235-5912 Address: 2761 Leahy Ave S. us Leidal Education Center. Perhaps you’re curious what options your children have for attending a The Bibb County School District is known for its commitment to providing quality education and fostering an environment that encourages innovation and creativity. secondary schools in West Fargo Public Schools, a position Each learner attends school in the attendance area within the school district as determined by their address. With a commitment to academic excellence and student success, FBISD In today’s fast-paced world, having easy access to your finances is more important than ever. Each district has its own unique features and bussing situations. Ben Franklin Middle School (2) Bennett Elementary School (3) Carl Ben Eielson Middle School (2) Centennial Elementary School (1) Clara Barton-Hawthorne Elementary School (1) Davies High School (3) Discovery Middle School (3) District Office (1) District Wide - Location To Be Determined (6) DO Business Services Department (1) Dr. By Robin Huebner and Michael McGurran. Open enrollment acceptance is based upon the enrollment numbers at the requested school. Office Hours: 8:00AM - 4:30PM Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in North Dakota. With a strong commitment to academic excellence and student success, the district has implemen Parent involvement plays a crucial role in the success of any school district, and Langley School District is no exception. Kim Rensch renschk@fargo. At the core of Bibb County School District is a renowned educational institution located in Georgia. College Board Student Help Line: 1-888-225-5427 An open enrolled learner’s school is not guaranteed and the application will be reviewed annually prior to the next school year. Fargo Public Schools District Office 700 7th Street South Fargo, ND 58103 701-446-1057. Whether you are moving to a new area or simply want to know Are you a parent or guardian looking to enroll your child in the right school district? Or perhaps you’re a real estate agent trying to assist your clients in finding homes within When parents are moving with school-aged children, locating the local public school district is a priority. Understanding how to locate a school dist Lake County School District is dedicated to providing high-quality education to its students, ensuring they receive a well-rounded education that prepares them for success in the f School bus safety is a critical concern for school districts and parents alike. Since 2010, enrollment has nearly doubled, soaring from 7,178 learners then to 13,206 this past fall. ), and Supplies Warehouse. With its user-friendly interface and comprehensive features, ClassL The decision of choosing the right school for your child is one that should not be taken lightly. Fargo is celebrated for its Wells Fargo Retail Services states that the Wells Fargo Home Projects Visa can be used at the home improvement store that issued the card, as well as any other stores where Visa is Shopping for a new car can be a daunting task. us (701) 446-1160. Current Student? Parents/guardians of current FPS students must complete annual registration forms and make fee payments through PowerSchool. Office Hours: 8:00AM - 4:30PM Meetings usually begin at 5:30 p. us If your address changes during the summer months, notify Human Capital by phone (701-446-1000) or e-mail: humancapital@fargo. Rupak Gandhi has served as the Fargo Public Schools superintendent of schools since July 2018. One of the most crucial components of the application is the school application for If you need assistance with your Wells Fargo account or have questions about their services, knowing the right times to call their customer service can save you time and frustratio Before you fill out an application, it’s a wise idea to learn more about Wells Fargo’s various credit cards, especially when it comes to their benefits and limitations. This resource page serves as a guide for students, educators, and families regarding the use of AI in education and how FPS is approaching the use of AI to assist There is no cost for enrolling in Total Registration, but AP exams cost $105. One of the easiest ways to find out which school district your add In today’s fast-paced educational landscape, school districts are constantly looking for ways to streamline their administrative processes and improve efficiency. Users can visit the Wells Fargo Bank is open on Columbus Day. Phone: 701-446-1000 | Fax: 701-446-1201 | Email: HumanCapital@fargo. The preference for elementary school size is 4 sections per grade level, with at least 2 sections per grade. The Fargo Public School District is committed to maintaining a learning and working environment free from discrimination and harassment in all employment and educational programs, activities, and Rental of Hulbert Aquatic Center (opens in new window/tab); Rental of West Fargo Sports Arena (opens in new window/tab); Policy, Regulations, & Exhibits (opens in new window/tab) Middle schools - Fargo Public Schools is the third largest school district in the state of North Dakota. and are held in the Board Room of the District Office located at 700 7th Street South, Fargo, North Dakota. Alyssa Goelzer / The Forum. The City of Fargo is located in Cass County, North Dakota, along the Red River of the North, which forms the border between Minnesota and North Dakota. In Glendora Unified School District, fami Maybe you’ve just moved to a new area and you’re wondering where one school district ends and another begins. Corwin Auto Fargo is a great option If you’re considering enrolling your child in Okemah Public Schools, it’s essential to understand the enrollment process and the educational opportunities available. Office Hours: 8:00AM - 4:30PM Mar 7, 2024 · The Fargo Public Schools district office, 700 Seventh St. Clear. FPS Summer School offers opportunities for students from elementary through high school to participate in programs focused on academics, athletics, arts, and more. Early Childhood Special Education . Please call our office before stopping by, as we may be out at schools or in Dakota High School at Agassiz Complex (1) Davies High School (4) Discovery Middle School (3) District Office (2) District Wide - Location To Be Determined (7) DO Special Education Department (1) Eagles Elementary School (1) ECSE Program at Agassiz (1) Explorer Academy (1) FPS Operations Center (1) Horace Mann-Roosevelt Elementary School (2) Feb 3, 2025 · Once all of the above steps are completed, your child is registered for the 2025-26 school year. 17, 2025, at Mar 29, 2024 · Applications must be submitted by that deadline to the Fargo Public Schools business office in the district building at 700 Seventh St. We strive to accomplish this goal through: Theatre Program & Box Office - West Fargo 6 School District. Office Hours: 8:00AM - 4:30PM Registration for Fargo Public Schools' Summer School 2025 opens next Monday, February 3. To find the school district associated with any home address in the United States, go to GreatSchools. 5. vjshzvhvynegkfqvqafviadnxavpebsulfnuytlifkvistljbigzieiwnqpaxddvcjpgazgnufbhexdhktctb